Tag archives: advertising
How can the crowd change your business model?
Posted by Shaun Abrahamson on Tuesday, 23 February 2010
During Social Media Week, we covered lots of crowdsourcing.
Advertising was up early in the week, followed by hardware focused crowdsourcing (like the Rally Fighter) and at the end of the week, crowdsourcing was discussed in the context of the news business. I also had a chance to talk with John Winsor about “the age of abundance in marketing” about the implications of access to talented crowds.
After all this great discussion, I was left with one main question:
How can the crowd change your business model?
I made a first pass at an answer using a framework from Business Model Generation.
I. Key Activities
create something
create the communications about the thing
find other people to create (recruiting)
Questions:
- what activities should we be asking the crowd to help with?
- who exactly is in this crowd? customers? experts?
II. Key Resources
People, financial, intellectual, physical
Questions:
- how many people need to work for us full time? where do the others come from?
- is is possible for us to have all the best skills “in house”?
III. Key Partners
- optimization + economy
- reduction of risk
- acquisition of particular resources and activities
Questions:
- can some of best partners come from the crowd?
- see I
IV. Value Proposition
Questions
- isn’t the crowd well positioned to help with this (assuming they are your customers)?
V. Customer Relationship
Questions
- is co-creation is a good basis for a relationship?
- is ongoing dialog that is not always focused on sales, a good basis for a relationship?
VI. Channels
Questions:
- can the crowd help decide how they can best be reached?
- can the crowd help with: awareness, evaluation, purchase, delivery, after sales (support)?
VII. Cost Structure & Revenue Streams
Questions:
- can the crowd lower cost of resources? (for example if you only work with people as you need them or as they need you)
- can the crowd help to lower cost for specific activities (awareness, support, recruiting, etc)
My initial conclusions:
If you find specific places where the crowd can help and if you choose the right crowd, you have a shot at transforming your business model. Yes, some testing will be required.
If you look at crowdsourcing narrowly as the creation of anything by anyone, you’ll miss the opportunity.
How can the crowd change your business model?
UPDATE: fortunately, ALEXANDER OSTERWALDER, one of the creators of Business Model Generation just helped to answer this question with his post on Social Media on Business Models.
Posted in: Crowdsourcing, Uncategorized | Tagged: advertising, business model generation, Crowdsourcing, Product Development | 3 Comments
Investing in the future of creative work: Jovoto
Posted by Shaun Abrahamson on Saturday, 30 January 2010
I first met Bastian, founder and CEO of Jovoto, almost one year ago, when I was doing research for my Berlin School thesis. Crowdsourcing for the creative industries was just gaining momentum and through my research work, I was finding similar looking companies such as Ideabounty, Crowdspring, 99designs, etc.
But after my first conversation with Bastian, I realized Jovoto was doing something quite different. They had found a new way to work with creatives based on a creative driven approach which emphasized interaction and ownership of one’s work. First I entered a contest and then convinced one of Mutopo’s clients to try it out. After a few months, it was clear that not only did the vision make sense, but the community was producing fantastic results through an unusual collaborative-competitive process of responding to client briefs.
We love what the community is doing, so when the opportunity came to invest in Jovoto, we immediately said yes – we’re glad to finally make it official.
Posted in: Investments | Tagged: 99designs, advertising, Crowdsourcing, crowdspring, ideabounty, jovoto | No Comments
The best advertising is not advertising
Posted by Shaun Abrahamson on Wednesday, 3 June 2009
Last week, I had the unique opportunity to visit BBH and participate in a session hosted by Sir John Hegarty. Sir John described 10 reasons why he believes this is the best time to be in advertising.
Thankfully, right at the start, Sir John pointed out that the best advertising is not advertising. And this is likely one of the challenges for agencies, since it means that many many other companies are doing things that dont look or feel like advertising, but get results like better awareness and ultimately more sales.
So after dwelling on the “best advertising is not advertising” for a bit, this is what I came away with.
1. Agencies can innovate - Ok. They can, but they dont always. And this is likely the problem for many. If you get paid for selling media, what is your incentive to try things that dont involve selling media? So yes, they can, but the incentive is still “to not to”. One last thing – non-agencies can innovate too, which is where the competition is coming from.
2. Agencies can create media opportunities – which means they can be publishers. I love this. But how do publishers feel? I guess they become agencies? The BBH example was Audi TV. Brands creating content? Expect to see lots more of this – Audi TV sets a pretty high production bar.
3. Agencies can create programming – yes they can.
4. Agencies creativity can be the media – lots of data to support this. Some of the top viral content is professionally produced…ADVERTISING. Interesting. But there need not be any media buying (do you sense a media buying trend here?).
5. Agencies can persuade clients to be brave – I love the example used to make the point. If you are skiing too fast, your instinct is to lean back, when you should lean forward. Or more simply – instinct can be bad for your health. Rather than the traditional focus group, agencies now have so many new ways to test. In fact, Google built a business on this idea – keep throwing ideas out to see which ones work. It seems like the demand for new ideas has never been greater because you can test so easily and figure out which ones are working. Maybe this isnt about persuasion but about being persuaded by data. Dr Ken makes this point rather well.
6. Agencies can tackle growing social issues – the largest advertiser in the UK, is the government. BBH does not shrink from difficult subjects – interestingly one of their ads was so shocking it received a record number of complaints in the UK. But it was not pulled because it was deemed in the public good.
7. Technology can be a spur to creativity – now more than ever. Amen.The challenge is – where are all the creative technical people likely to go? Its not clear agencies have made a case for themselves to be in the consideration set.
8. Agencies can expand their influence with clients. Integration is vital. In a state of flux, where assumptions need to be tossed and new ones created, its never been more important to be closer to the business. So how do you do this?
9. Agencies can invent products. This may be my favorite part of the discussion. Agencies like BBH are dipping a toe in. RGA created Nike +. CPB has taken equity positions and worked with start-ups like Method Products.
The agency as Venture Capitalist? Why not?
Great agencies are in the insight business and so this should position them perfectly to sport new business opportunities, not just opportunities for existing businesses. Further, most statups raise money in large measure for “communication” (new product launch, growth, etc). Agencies seem very well positioned to start with the communications plan and then work with partners to get the product/service/experience delivered.
10. Use the recession to be more creative. Or die trying.
Posted in: Uncategorized | Tagged: advertising, bbh, venture capital | 1 Comment
Advertising in a new world
Posted by lramella on Wednesday, 25 February 2009
I’ve been doing some recent thinking about advertising – in particular, I’ve been thinking about how slow the advertising world has been to adapt to the new realities of media. This thought is of course incredibly troubling as media at its core is an ad-supported business. I fundamentally believe that advertisers have not figured out how to solve this new media “problem” and remain tied to the idea that traditional advertising can continue to deliver big results.
Advertisers need to start thinking “out of the box” about the best way to reach consumers online – as Susan Wojcicki, VP, Product Management at Google put it in her great post, advertisers need to start “getting the right ad to the right person at the right time.” This makes all the difference. I’ll let Susan and her post take it from here: http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/09/ad-perfect.html. - Leah
Posted in: Leadership, Learning, Research | Tagged: advertising, google, marketing | No Comments
Method Products – Marketing Methods & Product Management
Posted by Shaun Abrahamson on Tuesday, 9 September 2008
What can we learn from the most valuable and fastest growing brands. We discussed 37Signals which might be a little esoteric given their focus on business software.
But Method Products makes, among other things, soap and cleaning products, so this should have broader appeal. And perhaps more interestingly, we found a few similarities to 37Signals in their approach, despite their very different business (I am sure 37Signals users, are clean, too).
A brief history of fighting dirty
Method was inspired by the realization that most cleaning products such as Windex, Tilex, etc were born in the age of mass marketing – in the 50s. They almost seem like they would be perfectly at home in an episode of Madmen. So the questions then – what should updated cleaners look like?
The founders, Eric Ryan and Adam Lowry don’t seem to be the guys who dreamed that one day they would make soap. But they did feel very strongly about a few things and they asked a lot of questions. Why would I use poison in my home, to clean it? Why couldn’t I create better, more environmentally friendly products? Why should a more environmental product not work as well as traditional products? How do people feel about cleaning their homes and how has it changed? Eric Ryan goes into great detail in this aaaa.org 2007 video summarized nicely, here.
The result is not the conventional solution-for-a-problem product or a new marketing approach, but an emerging new culture of cleaning. A cleaner way of cleaning. A better way of cleaner being. Actually, lets look at some of the numbers.
In 2006, according to Inc Magazine, Method Products was ranked the 7th fastest growing company. In 2007 it had slowed a little to only 508.4% growth, in business, known more for its flat or declining growth. Method competes against some of the best known players in the cleaning business such as P&G and Unilever. And as a clever calculation suggests that their competitors spend more on their toilet paper than Method spends on the advertiting ($15m vs $3m in 2006).
So how is Method managing to spread like the germs they vow to destroy?
They have a better product. Better for your health. Better for your home. Better for the environment. Better to look at. And yes, it will still clean. maybe even better. But when you throw the packaging away it wont live on to damage the envionment. And they seem like they dont take themselves too seriously – maybe you’d like to be invited to one of their parties.
This doesnt just happen. The team recognized that cleaning has changed and rather than the old approach to storing products under the kitchen sink or hiding them in a closet, you might be inclined to leave them out. So why shouldnt they look alot better? Like perfume or other high end “lifestyle” goods?
Coming out of the closet (or out from under the sink)

Method focuses on Style + Substance. The ubstance comes from a commitment to research and find better ways to make their products better for homes, people and the planet. And their style, in some part comes from a well known designer - Karim Rashid.
As a result of their partnership, their products look like nothing else on the surrounding shelves – like placing a laptop next to a typewriter or they might say – placing a Mac next to a PC. In other ways it echoes Apple’s experience with the Mac – it just looked like it belonged to a different time. It held the promise of being better and different. So does Method.
As Method sees it. Design is media. I love that and couldnt agree more. What best about it – people pay for your product and show if off in their homes! It a fashion accessory from something which used to be hidden away. What? Now that is a a real “media buy”. Someone pays you and gets you attention.
The design angle probably also helped with their first distribution deal through Target. So the design focus had the additional benefit of enthusing their retail partners (particularly since not much was forthcoming in the form of media spend, for the startup company, but more on that in a bit).
Advertising without advertising
From the beginning, Method has approached advertising, differently. Their first tiny budget went towards a booklet that told their story. They approached advertising like a media a publisher might. They became a publisher to sell a story- their story. And they chose a book, because there was a lot to tell. And as people learned about what they were doing, they would become “people against dirty”. In 2008 they published Squeaky Green, which they sell, which explains what they stand for and how to detox your home. Again redefining the “media buy”.
When they had the chance to buy outdoor, they decided on a “pop-up” store in places like New York and San Francisco, to better introduce the Method products and values. And they have worked with retailers to unify their product displays in retails stores in ways that others cannot (because the various soaps and cleaning products have little or nothing in common with one another), under the theme of Method Home. So in effect they create mini-stores within the retail environment.
Perhaps most interestingly, in 2007 Eric Ryan stated that within 3 years Method planned to stop buying media. Their plan is to make use of the media they have. For example, they might spend $200k on a new design. $200k in media buying doesnt get the much, but a great design could get them much more. So their marketing budget includes design and media buying so the two compete for effectiveness. And design appears to be winning by their mesasures of effectiveness.
And then of course, they have advocates to tell the story for them – the people against dirty.
For the people (against dirty)
From the beginning, the response to Method’s products was somewhat unusual. It doesnt occur to most people to call or mail the cleaning product manufacturer and let them know how much they love them. But this is in fact what happened.
And today, Method is focused on their community against dirty. They look to them as the ultimate evangelists, unpaid but rewarded in various ways. They spread the word on everything from products themselves to educational ideas about making homes more healthy. They help bring Method Products to more homes. They think of their customer differently – they are Advocates. And they treat them that way. They share press releases with them and product samples. They treat them as an extension of the company.
By the people behind the people against dirty
The organization reflects the company beliefs. Creative talent is drawn from a variety of disciplines including packaing and industrial design. And ideas are shared openly so that others in the company can comment and build on them, on large “wiki boards”. Even the elevator is designed to emphasize that you are going somewhere different.
Much like some other innovative companies, they design for themselves. They hire their customers, literally. Prototypes are available in Methods’ office bathrooms with requests for feedback. And they dont succumb to Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome – when they saw a great idea for oncentrated soaps in Japan – they didnt hesistate to “borrow” the idea and make it their own.
The organization contrasts with their much larger competitors. Teams are led by product managers versus marketing managers. Teams sit as PODs working on a product, versus being grouped into functional specialties. And they company has built a number of other cultural elements including ways to ensure that they are hiring the right talent – you need to do a homework assignment and explain how you will keep the company wierd.
Posted in: Uncategorized | Tagged: advertising, design, DGPSA, marketing, method | 2 Comments
37Signals – a Media-Software-Community Organization
Posted by Shaun Abrahamson on Sunday, 24 August 2008
37Signals started out life in 1999 as a traditional web design agency. Over the last few years, they abandoned their traditional consulting work and focused on the development of online software services for small business use (or the Fortune 5 million, as they like to call them).
But 37Signals is much more than your average software vendor. They have figured out how to efficiently acquire new customers, build a loyal following of end users and developers and rapidly grow a business with 10 people, while taking off Fridays.
A brief history of experiments with revenue models
37Signals constantly challenges assumptions and so are comfortable looking at multiple options for a viable profitable business. As the company has progressed, they have taken their ideas of simplicity and small scale, beyond design and software development to all aspects of their business.
Early on they experimented with a simple service called 37express, a simpler, quicker way to engage the 37signals team on small, short focused design projects. To better communicate their ideas, they published the 37signals Manifesto to explain their approach to design and backed that up with the 37Better Project in which they redesigned well known sites such as PayPal, Google and Fedex.
A little later, they shared the core code they named, Ruby on Rails, which they had used to create their first products. It has a loyal following and has been used to build some of the best known Web 2.0 properties. This has helped catapult 37Signals to celebrity status among developers. But giving away software is not a revenue model, or is it? More on that later.
Finally, in recent years, the company has launched a series of software services, beginning with BaseCamp. These services have over 1m users, according to the company. Many users do not pay and since the company is mum about revenues, one has to rely to some extent on revenue estimates to understand the financials.
Perhaps most interesting, is that the company has experimented, while remaining profitable. And they have largely rejected outside funding (with a special exception for Jeff Bezos). All this with only 10 (or fewer, earlier on) people!
Much has been written about their products, their blog or even the individuals, but what is most intriguing to us, is how efficiently the find new customers and serve them.
Very efficient customer acquisition
37Signals well built and designed services may explain why people use them, but how do they find them? As Jason Fried, 37Signals co-founder assured me, via a short e-mail exchange, 37Signals doesnt do advertising but do use every opportunity to talk about what they do and how they do it.
37Signals claims:
94% of Basecamp customers and 96% of Backpack customers surveyed said they would recommend the products to their friends, family, and colleagues.
It would be interesting to see the Net Promoter score for the service, versus competitors, but their own survey results, suggests that word-of-mouth is super strong. My personal experience probably reflects another acquisition path – I worked with a client, who was using BaseCamp and after a few weeks began using it for other projects. So the software itself provides a good platform for introductions and “try-before-you-buy” experience.
Once you begin using the software, you understand what the fuss is about. Its certainly not for everyone – in the same way that a Sports Coupe might not serve the needs of family road trip. But for the target audience, its beautifully simple. So I dont hesitate to recommend it for our projects or anyone else doing similar work.
More recently 37Signals began an affiliate program. Some might see this a sign that other promotional techniques are losing steam, but in my opinion, this simply builds on the core word-of-mouth mechanism, enabling those who recommend, to get paid.
Behaving like a media company
Each day 75k readers consume the 37Signals corporate blog, Signal vs. Noise. That doesn’t include their separate product blog that provides updates on issues, new features, etc. 75k is respectable given the focus, particularly when you consider specialty web properties such as www.core77.com (design) that seems to have a similar number of uniques or www.marketingprofs.com (online marketing) that has a little more readership. On a stand-alone basis, Signal vs Noise might be an interesting online media property.
But most specialty online media properties are unlikely to match 37Signals, as a publisher.
Their latest book, Getting Real, defines 37Signals approach to design, promotion and even how they organize themselves. In fact they lay out their approach to promotion. The book is free to read online, but the PDF has sold over 30k copies. And there is a softcover, too (sales are not disclosed).
In addition, 37Signals also runs an ad-network (not sure if they use it) that targets designer-centric properties. And also hosts a job board, again targeting designers. Most recently, 37Signals has embraced video in the form of 37Signals Live.
Organizing communities
Signal vs Noise and 37Signal’s Live, provide platforms to interact with the community. However, there are some more tangible interactions happening with existing users and developers.
In effect, the growing community of 37Signals users, API developers and Ruby on Rails developers combine to significantly increase the effective size of the 37Signals organization. Like the unofficial salesforce providing positive word of mouth, the user community also helps to refine and evolve the offerings and perhaps even the core business approach.
Support is not outsourced or handled by a separate organization. Amazingly 37Signals team of ten people handle support request directly! This means that issues should surface quickly and good ideas should find their way to the people who can respond to them.
37Signals has added APIs and this has, in turn, spawned a rapidly growing suite of Extras. Growing a developer community in this way, is astonishing because communities are typically supported by much larger organizations. The continued growth of the service helps. But for many developers, it is likely the transparency of the organization that makes them comfortable committing valuable development resources to integrate with 37Signals. This will likely establish 37Signals as a platform for growth of other software products and provide another source of ideas and feedback for their offering.
Ruby on Rails established 37Signals credibility as developers. And the software has its own growing community, projected to grow to 4m over the next 5 years. Like Linux, the framework is chosen over alternatives from much, much larger companies. And, like Linux, it virtually ensures a core group of smart contributors to help nurture, refine and evolve the framework.
There is lots to learn from 37Signals. But perhaps the most valuable lesson – question your assumptions. Why advertise, when you can mobilize an effective sales organization for free, using your customers? Why wait for media coverage, when you can be your own media organization? Why grow your organization needlessly, when you can leverage a community to everyone’s mutual benefit?
The 37Signals team have gone against conventional wisdom in the name of simplicity, purposefully ignoring advise, deals, feature requests and money. And they are better for it.
Posted in: Uncategorized | Tagged: 37signals, advertising, customer support, DGPSA, marketing, promotion, startup | 3 Comments
What makes Zara work?
Posted by Shaun Abrahamson on Saturday, 16 August 2008
Its funny you ask. Below is the answer, nicely spelled out, thank-you-very-much.
I am currently trying to understand, as part of a larger research project, how a company that does little to no advertising (from what I can establish they spend .3% of sales versus 3-4% spent by their competitors), is ranked as one of the fastest growing brands. Oh yes, and they recently surpassed Gap (after passing H&M 3 years ago) to become the worlds largest clothing retailer.
Back to the image. Inditex, Zara’s parent, published this in their 2007 annual report. Its actually part of a more complex machine, highlighted in the upper left of the image. But we wont worry about that. What is interesting to me, is where they are focusing to enable them to build an industry-beating brand.
Customer at the center
As the picture shows. But everyone says this. According to Inditex, they focus on taking customer requests from the store and move it through the process of design and manufacture as quickly as possible.So each time they interact with customers there is potential for new inspiration. Its not clear exactly how this happens, but it is clear that new products hit the store twice per week, enabling them to respond quickly to new trends and ideas.
Zara only distribute in their own stores, as they want to control the entire experience with the customers. This too is highlighted in the image. From site selection and window displays to store architecture and service, the store is where Zara invests most, according to its 2007 annual report.
The store is the company’s main image vehicle
Zara has been expanding with openings in the world’s largest cities. Zara is very comfortable adapting prize locations and buildings to their needs, as you can see from these examples.
Projects are designed individually to take maximum visual and functional advantage for the store, by turning each establishment into a special place.
Approach to design and manufacturing
While competitors such as H&M outsource their production, Zara situates its 200+ designers alongside the manufacturing process – by collocating design and manufacturing, they are able to speed time to market. Zara is unmatched in the speed with which they take product to market (Harvard Business Review).
Openness
This is something Intitex is proud of, going to lengths to explain various ways in which it interacts with society at large and enables clear visibility into its activities.
At a tangible level this means it tracks on site visits and measures interaction with the media in a variety of ways. Metrics may be the key to understanding that Zara’s success is not just about one thing – it perhaps best reflected in the enormous number of metrics used to understand how the company performance in areas ranging from human rights in countries in which is does business to levels of waste produced for each garment created.
These types of measures are laid out in the annual report. And increasingly, these measures are not from Inditex themselves. In the same way that their financial are audited they have a range of 3rd party audits to help them better understand everything from how they are implementing their “code of conduct” to how they rank on a variety of sustainability indices.
All the details matter. In 2007 the company switched all store shopping bags to d2w which will result in plastics degrading (to water, CO2 and biomass) within 1-2 years versus 400.
Back to the question of how the company manages without advertising. Certainly the store experience has garnered them great “word of mouth” (I’ll need to come back to this and see if I can put some numbers against this claim, but Google clearly shows the trend in interest, which has ultimately been reflected in sales, too). And their first to market capability has to help too. But its clear that the magic of the machine, is the result of lots of moving parts and a focus on controlling the complexity which results from making these parts work together. In some ways this seems to follow the Apple script – control more of the key pieces that need to work well together, for example hardware and software or the in store retail and customer support experience.
Posted in: Uncategorized | Tagged: advertising, architecture, design, DGPSA, fashion, marketing, Product Development, retail, zara | 4 Comments
Do great products and services need advertising?
Posted by Shaun Abrahamson on Wednesday, 9 July 2008
Why are we fascinated by how companies grow without advertising? Well, we work with early stage companies who need to acquire new customers as efficiently as possible and reduce the need to raise more money to grow.
There are a range of fundamental changes enabled online that expand the range of options for companies wanting to grow in new an interesting ways. For example, Roelof Botha, of Sequoia Capital talks about key concepts underlying the success of PayPal and Youtube (Zappos is on the list below). We have talked about word of mouth before (and the impact of its ongoing documentation online via product reviews). We dont think this is the only thing powered brand growth, but certainly a powerful part of the new suite of tools which reward great product and service experiences and make them easier to find.
So we have set about identifying companies that spend little or no money on advertising, to understand how they have managed to grow. For now we aren’t limiting ourselves to a specific industry and we are going to attempt to cover large public companies as well as early stage private ones.
Following is an initial list of companies, along with a short summary of why we picked them, beginning with the behemoths:
Google - sits atop the pile, according to the Brandz 2007 ranking (pdf). But Google doesn’t spend very much relative to its rivals and most of its spending has been for its enormous recruiting efforts.
Starbucks - may be experiencing some headwind in the slowing global economy, but it has spent even less than Google historically, running a TV ad for the first time at the end of last year in the US.
Zara - the Spanish retailer, spends just .3% of sales on advertising versus 3-4% for rivals. It uses its retail stores and rapid product turnover to do the communicating.
Amazon - famously cancelled ads in favor of free shipping and appears to be reaping the benefits today. Its online ad spend, goes mainly to Google.
Some other megabrands under consideration are spending much less on advertising than competitors, or spending when they don’t seem to need to. These include: Porsche, Samsung, Nintendo, Costco, eBay, Harley-Davidson.
On the not-so-mega, but loved-and-respected-scale, here are some for consideration:
Zappos - is spending what it might have spent on advertising, on customer service.
Newegg - has built an almost $2b in sales, while focusing on keeping its community of tech users happy.
BitTorrent - reviled by the media industry, but downloaded an unprecedented number of times around the world.
Ducati - took a page from the Harley book and focused in its loyalist Ducatisti to jumpstart sales.
Tupperware - party anyone?
In-N-Out Burger – revenous fan base, underground menu. Its a secret society. Hold the ads.
Method Products – interview reveals how Method invests more in their products and less in talking about them to create another Inc star.
Kiehls – give away samples, no ad dollars.
Trader Joes – the “Trader Joe’s Fearless Flyer” circular is the only communications spend.
Zipcar - a new form of transport.
And finally, on the smaller startup scale, some companies we are considering, that you may or may not be familiar with
37Signals – celebrated for simple products and word of mouth.
Daylife - created a showcase and drew a crowd.
Meraki – connecting people together is a good way to spread the word.
Sigg - where did the Swiss water bottle makers come from?
Orb Audio – small speakers, big sound. And a commitment not to spend on anything except making speakers.
Denim Therapy – never replace your jeans, just repair them.
We’re just getting started, so lots of research to do. The list is likely to grow and change and we’ll start to dive into how each of these companies work their magic.
Posted in: Uncategorized | Tagged: advertising, brands, DGPSA, marketing, media spending, Word of Mouse | 2 Comments



